Clinical guidelines and advice

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• 2021 Jan Germany normal ward guideline s2k
• Prophylaxis of Thrombembolism
• The AAP has developed guidance on the following topics: American Academy of Pediatrics]
• IDSA current Covid guidelines

32398287 2020. Covid-19: What is the R number?

general advice to the busy clinician
32435870 2020. COVID-19: a primer for healthcare providers.
32542934 2020. Diagnosing COVID-19 in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review of Clinical Exam, Labs, Imaging Accuracy and Biases.
32554861 2020. Treatment strategies of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19.
32472675 2020. Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 with Evidence-Based Supportive Care.
32468086 2020. Clinical phenotypes of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
32428144 2020. Coronavirus: a clinical update of Covid-19.
32265065 ä. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians
32339477 ä. Inpatient Care of Patients with COVID-19: A Guide for Hospitalists
32105680 ä. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know
32274773 2020. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie
32195698 2020. COVID-19 Infection: Implications for Perioperative and Critical Care Physicians
32191830 2020. COVID-19 - what should anaethesiologists and intensivists know about it?
32350235 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Information for Cardiologists- Systematic Literature Review and Additional Analysis
32352535 ä. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options
32578747 2020. COVID-19: laboratory diagnosis for clinicians. An updating article.
32324618 2020. Prehabilitation (in case of stalled operations) May Help Mitigate an Increase in COVID-19 Peripandemic Surgical Morbidity and Mortality
32341309 2020. Surgical Considerations in Patients with COVID-19: What Orthopaedic Surgeons Should Know.
32287651 2020. Covid -19 in der Praxis
32216962 2020. An update on COVID-19 for the radiologist - A British society of Thoracic Imaging statement
32344166 ä. COVID-19 pandemic - a focused review for clinicians
32306118 ä. COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge
32341111 2020. Clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for clinicians and researchers
32530975 2020. Clinical Insights for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
32220179 2020. The Management of Blood Glucose Should be Emphasized in the Treatment of COVID-19
32290887 ä. COVID-19: What paramedics need to know!
32189015 2020. "Coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19): update fur Anasthesisten und Intensivmediziner Marz 2020
32223716 2020. Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 Disease
32360205 ä. What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19?
32451257 2020. Importance of timely management of patients in reducing fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019.
32336069 2020. What should a cardiologist know about coronavirus disease 2019?
32500328 2020. Inpatient Management of COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Practical Approach from the Hospitalist Perspective.
32189286 2020. COVID-19 in der Allgemeinarztpraxis
32212386 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19.
32248491 2020. Aktuelle Empfehlungen für den Hausarzt: Neue DEGAM-Leitlinie
32386886 ä. Helmet continuous positive airway pressure and prone positioning: A proposal for an early management of COVID-19 patients
32609085 2020. COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons.
32447820 2020. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): An updated review based on current knowledge and existing literature for dermatologists.
32429249 2020. Update for Anaesthetists on Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients and Relevant Management.
32421272 2020. Points & Pearls: Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) An Overview for Emergency Clinicians.
32511744 2020. Approaching COVID-19 - bedside strategies for intensive care.
32452355 2020. COVID-19: the new challenge for rheumatologists. First update.
32498762 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinical Review.
32315548 2020. A Call for Rational Intensive Care in the Era of COVID-19.
32467492 2020. COVID-19 Guide for the Rehabilitation Clinician: A Review of Non-Pulmonary Manifestations and Complications.

32340531 2020. (Eval of susp. by the GP) Increasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio: COVID-19 Clinical Synopsis for Outpatient Providers

32144127 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): a guide for UK GPs.
32220829 2020. Covid-19: what do trainees need to know?
32156682 2020. Covid-19: What's the current advice for UK doctors?
32412515 2020. Recommendations for the management of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19.
32366746 2020. Guidance for the management of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
32390611 2020. How we should respond to the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A German perspective.
32445165 2020. Does this patient have COVID-19? A practical guide for the internist.
32520401 2020. Extrapulmonary and atypical clinical presentations of COVID-19.
32497913 2020. A current review of COVID-19 for the cardiovascular specialist.
32508438 2020. COVID - 19 fact sheet for the dental professional.
32501382 2020. What orthopedic surgeons need to know about Covid-19 pandemic.
32522050 2020. COVID-19: clinical presentation and implications. A primer for obstetricians.

32535955 2020. A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2.

32405411 2020. ...What a doctor on the frontline needs to know.
32298856 2020. From the insight of glucose metabolism disorder: Oxygen therapy and blood glucose monitoring are crucial for quarantined COVID-19 patients
32343984 ä. COVID-19: before stopping specific infection control measures, be sure to exclude the diagnosis
32201156 ä. Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice
32354810 2020. An alternative COVID-19 checklist
32294077 ä. Mental Health Care Providers Dealing With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): What Is the Definition of a Case, How Is That Changing, and What Kinds of Tests Are Available?
32405837 2020. Behandlung von Patienten in Corona-Ambulanzen : COVID-19-Pandemie.
32385132 2020. Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists.
32462305 2020. A systematic review on COVID-19: urological manifestations, viral RNA detection and special considerations in urological conditions.
32556054 2020. COVID-19: therapeutic approaches description and discussion.
32578794 2020. Sars-CoV-2: A clinical update - II.
32586669 2020. Evaluation of organ function in patients with severe COVID-19 infections.
32551437 2020. Can We Reduce Mortality of COVID-19 if We do Better in Glucose Control?
32538995 2020. Recomendaciones de tratamiento para pacientes adultos graves con COVID-19.

current drug options
32336586 ä. Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19; A narrative review for emergency providers
32324465 2020. Providing nutritional support for the patient with COVID-19
32438948 2020. Just the facts: What drugs are safe and effective for COVID-19?
32405110 2020. Prescribing COVID-19 treatments: what we should never forget.
32499057 2020. Prescribing parenteral nutrition in acute hospital setting during COVID-19: The Singapore experience.
32487436 2020. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance on clinical nutrition in COVID-19 patients.
32425291 2020. Nutrition in critically ill patients with COVID-19: Challenges and special considerations.
32280058 ä. Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol
32329880 2020. Short Report - Medical nutrition therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19
32515395 2020. Nutritional management and support in COVID-19: Emerging nutrivigilance.
32494931 2020. Novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of COVID-19.
32354666 ä. Use of drugs with potential cardiac effect in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection
32221153 2020. The looming pandemic of COVID-19: What therapeutic options do we have now?
32360037 ä. ...psychotropes ... SARS-Cov-2
32425246 2020. Psychopharmacology of COVID-19.
32442210 2020. The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease.

provisional guidelines
32215641 2020. Toward Universal Deployable Guidelines for the Care of Patients With COVID-19.
32242438 2020. Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19)
32328954 ä. Clinical Pathway for Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: Updates from Experience to Evidence-Based Practice
32341943 ä. Recommendations on the clinical management of the COVID-19 infection by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Spanish Paediatric Association working group
32307593 2020. Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19
32338708 ä. Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19
32360444 ä. Balancing evidence and frontline experience in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: current position of the Italian Society of anti-infective therapy (SITA) and the Italian Society of Pulmonology (SIP)
32224769 2020. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
32222812 ä. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
32493744 2020. Principles for clinical care of patients with COVID-19 on medical units.
32350002 2020. Treatment of patients with nonsevere and severe coronavirus disease 2019: an evidence-based guideline
32384909 2020. Our recommendations for acute management of COVID-19.
32520071 2020. Intensive support recommendations for critically-ill patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection.
32435065 2020. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendations on Diagnosis and Therapy.
32447721 2020. Clinical practice guidance for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: APASL expert panel consensus recommendations.
32208840 2020. Clinical observation and management of COVID-19 patients
32172669 2020. Diagnosis and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: an operational recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (V2 0): Working Group of 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Peking Union Medical College Hospital
32342676 2020. Interim Guidelines on Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19
32218915 2020. National Institute for the Infectious Diseases Recommendations for COVID-19 clinical management
32103284 ä. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections: practical considerations and management strategy for intensivists
32361701 2020. COVID-19 Rapid Guideline in Kidney Transplant Recipients
32514598 2020. Managing ICU surge during the COVID-19 crisis: rapid guidelines.
32352365 2020. Evidence Based Treatment of SARS-CoV2: A Narrative Review
32223716 2020. Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 Disease
32221973 2020. The Italian coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: recommendations from clinical practice
C7155395 ä. German recommendations for critically ill patients with COVID?19
32166350 ä. Empfehlungen zur intensivmedizinischen Therapie von Patienten mit COVID-19
32029004 2020. A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)
32272080 2020. Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations
32203709 ä. Treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome from COVID-19
32443538 2020. SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Summary of Current Guidelines.
32406305 2020. What every orthopaedic surgeon should know about COVID-19: A review of the current literature.
32347053 2020. [Diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019: back to the future].
32328337 ä. Interpretation of the 7th edition of the ?diagnosis and treatment guidelines of coronavirus disease 2019 in China?: Progress and challenges
32234150 2020. [Interpretation of "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5)"].
32033513 2020. [Interpretation of "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5)"].
32515388 2020. COVID-19: Management.

32532457 2020. Guidelines and recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic: A word of caution.

32486556 2020. [Guide for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019].
32234064 2020. Covid-19 in China: ten critical issues for intensive care medicine
32269090 ä. Managing the supportive care needs of those affected by COVID-19
32294811 2020. [The keypoints in treatment of the critical coronavirus disease 2019 patient(2)].
32087621 2020. [The keypoints in treatment of the critical coronavirus disease 2019 patient(1)].
32409437 2020. Management of patients with COVID-19 in the medical ICU.
32275256 2020. Vademecum for the treatment of people with COVID-19 Edition 2 0, 13 March 2020
32392624 2020. Israel Ad Hoc COVID-19 Committee: Guidelines for Care of Older Persons During a Pandemic.
32487424 2020. Absence of Evidence Is Not the Evidence of Absence: Clinical Consideration when Interpreting Guidelines for the COVID-19 Pandemic.
32523138 2020. Extractos de los documentos de posicionamientos y recomendaciones mexicanas en enfermedades cardiovasculares y COVID-19.
32452941 2020. Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 1: Tele-Case Management, Surge Capacity, Discharge Planning, and Transitions of Care.
32452940 2020. Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 2: End-of-Life Care, Workers' Compensation Case Management, Legal and Ethical Obligations, Remote Practice, and Resilience.
32336959 2020. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and intravascular volume management strategies in the critically ill
32316056 2020. Therapie von PatientInnen mit COVID-19
32231173 2020. Management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: recommendations of the Polish Association of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists as of March 31, 2020
32229257 2020. Risk-adapted Treatment Strategy For COVID-19 Patients
C7128660 ä. Holistic care for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019: An expert consensus?
32289472 ä. Evidence Based Management Guideline for the COVID-19 Pandemic - Review article
32040667 2020. Critical care management of adults with community-acquired severe respiratory viral infection
32328726 ä. Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection
32221973 2020. The Italian coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: recommendations from clinical practice
32134111 2020. Understanding COVID-19 new diagnostic guidelines - a message of reassurance from an internal medicine doctor in Shanghai
32186172 2020. Thoughts and practice on the treatment of severe and critical new coronavirus pneumonia
32292830 ä. Diagnosis and treatment plan of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (tentative sixth edition)
32292831 ä. Interpretation of the diagnosis and treatment plan of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (tentative sixth edition)
32402498 ä. Non-evidenced based treatment: An unintended cause of morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19
32414630 ä. COVID-19 and ethical considerations: Valuable decision-making tools from the leading medical societies in France
32439306 ä. Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience
32413768 2020. Covert COVID-19 complications: Continuing the use of evidence-based drugs to minimize potentially lethal indirect effects of the pandemic in stroke patients
C7162768 2020. Therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review
32125126 2020. Management and clinical thinking of Coronavirus Disease 2019
32306656 2020. Clinical consideration and management of coronavirus disease 2019
32369222 2020. The management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
32164079 2020. Early detection and disease assessment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia
32164078 2020. Efficient management of novel coronavirus pneumonia by efficient prevention and control in scientific manner
32023681 2020. Diagnosis and clinical management of 2019 novel coronavirus infection: an operational recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (V2 0)
C7149288 2020. Empfehlungen zur intensivmedizinischen Therapie von Patienten mit COVID-19*
32215647 2020. Management of Critically Ill Adults With COVID-19
32159735 2020. Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19
32357975 2020. Early intervention likely improves mortality in COVID-19 infection

32374007 2020. Current practice and potential strategy in diagnosing COVID-19

32279352 2020. Blood and blood product use during COVID-19 infection
32312715 2020. Managing COVID-19 symptoms (including at the end of life) in the community: summary of NICE guidelines
32378816 2020. Clinical Insights and Management Recommendations for COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Departments: Recommendations by the Corona Department Heads in Israel
32294810 2020. ANZICS guiding principles for complex decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic.
32476126 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Clinical Perspectives and Ongoing Challenges.
32460926 2020. Developing a guidance resource for managing delirium in patients with Covid-19.
32340895 ä. Less is More: Intelligent Intensive Care for SARS-CoV-2 Based on the Imaging Data
32327330 ä. Management of mild cases of COVID-19 in low-resource countries: An experience in Vietnam
32250388 2020. The COVID-19 Pandemic in the US: A Clinical Update.
32209558 2020. Covid-19: doctors are given new guidelines on when to admit patients to critical care.
32404514 2020. COVID-19: Learning from Lessons To Guide Treatment and Prevention Interventions.
32492351 2020. Should We Monitor Pulsus Paradoxus via Pulse Oximetry in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure?
32509205 2020. Clinical interventions for severe and critical COVID-19: what are the options.
32419438 2020. COVID-19: What do we need to know about ICU delirium during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?
32209888 2020. Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for COVID-19 (Trial Version 6).
32267556 2020. COVID-19: Important Therapy Considerations and Approaches in this Hour of Need.
32385990 2020. [Visualization analysis on treatment of coronavirus based on knowledge graph].
32576234 2020. COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-pharmacological considerations.
32560091 2020. COVID-19 Diagnostics, Tools, and Prevention.

32562550 2020. COVID-19: some clinical questions after the first four months.
32562547 2020. Approaching COVID-19 - bedside strategies for intensive care.
32564415 2020. Surviving the first COVID-19 wave and learning lessons for the second.
32585138 2020. Use of aerosolised medications at home for COVID-19.
32579024 2020. COVID-19 Phenotypes and Potential Harm of Conventional Treatments: How to Prove the Hypothesis.

32556191 2020. Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19.

32583426 2020. Multidisciplinary guidance to manage comatose patients with severe COVID-19.
32574072 2020. Annals On Call - Clinical Reasoning and COVID-19 Part 2.
32566558 2020. Supportive care for patient with respiratory diseases: an umbrella review.
32565632 2020. Critical Care for COVID-19 Affected Patients: Position Statement of the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine.
32587649 2020. Medical Management of COVID-19: Evidence and Experience.

scores
32493574 2020. COVID-19 and treatment guided by biochemical and molecular diagnostic tests to reduce myocardial damage and cardiotoxicity.
32375855 2020. Ethics guidelines on COVID-19 triage - an emerging international consensus
32311790 2020. Comparing Rapid Scoring Systems in Mortality Prediction of Critically Ill Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease.
32271865 ä. Generalizability of COVID-19 Clinical Prediction Models
32296824 ä. A Tool to Early Predict Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) : A Multicenter Study using the Risk Nomogram in Wuhan and Guangdong, China
32271369 ä. Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: the CALL Score
32311646 ä. COVID-19 admissions calculators: General population and paediatric cohort
32359076 2020. COVID-19: Use of the Clinical Frailty Scale for Critical Care Decisions
32389785 ä. Comparison of CRB-65 and quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in patients with COVID-19
32443442 2020. Intensive Care Risk Estimation in COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Clinical and Imaging Parameters: Experiences from the Munich Cohort.
32442756 2020. Combination of four clinical indicators predicts the severe/critical symptom of patients infected COVID-19.
32475880 2020. Prediction of the severity of Corona Virus Disease 2019 and its adverse clinical outcomes.
32505221 2020. Quantifying additional COVID-19 symptoms will save lives.
32407048 2020. Insights from Italy: the Novara-COVID score for rapid destination of COVID-19 patients at emergency department presentation.
32469137 2020. A novel simple scoring model for predicting severity of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
32474605 2020. The CALL score for predicting outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
32297727 2020. Calculated Decisions: Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS)/Algorithm.
32510164 2020. A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multi-center, observational study.
32490853 2020. Clinical decision support tool and rapid point-of-care platform for determining disease severity in patients with COVID-19.
32482134 2020. NLR: A Cost-effective Nomogram to Guide Therapeutic Interventions in COVID-19.
32527576 2020. The modified NUTRIC score can be used for nutritional risk assessment as well as prognosis prediction in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
32437939 2020. Chest X-ray severity index as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: A study of 302 patients from Italy.
32479771 2020. A clinical risk score to identify patients with COVID-19 at high risk of critical care admission or death: An observational cohort study.
32451583 2020. Frailty index predicts poor outcome in COVID-19 patients.
32435824 2020. Simplified immune-dysregulation index: a novel marker predicts 28-day mortality of intensive care patients with COVID-19.
32369205 2020. Individualized prediction nomograms for disease progression in mild COVID-19.
32479770 2020. Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
32474039 2020. Applicability of the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.
32474038 2020. An Early Warning Score to predict ICU admission in COVID-19 positive patients.
32389604 2020. Prognostication and Proactive Planning in COVID-19.
32410285 2020. A retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics and establishment of an early warning system of severe COVID-19 patients.
32023686 2020. [Early detection and disease assessment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia].
32307609 2020. Critically ill SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are not stratified as sepsis by the qSOFA.
32396163 2020. Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.
32303418 ä. More clinical warning indicators should be explored for monitoring COVID-19 patients condition
32421703 2020. Development and validation a nomogram for predicting the risk of severe COVID-19: A multi-center study in Sichuan, China.
32542341 2020. Myocardial work index: a glimmer of hope in COVID-19.
32590335 2020. Cardiac biomarker-based risk stratification algorithm in patients with severe COVID-19.
32440918 2020. A simple algorithm helps early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients with severe progression tendency.
32556293 2020. Identification and validation of a novel clinical signature to predict the prognosis in confirmed COVID-19 patients.
32565226 2020. Prompt Predicting of Early Clinical Deterioration of Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19 Patients: Usefulness of a Combined Score Using IL-6 in a Preliminary Study.
32553714 2020. Performance of Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 in Predicting 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19.
32597046 2020. Prognostic Accuracy of the SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS for Early Detection of Clinical Deterioration in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients.
32540845 2020. A COVID-19 Risk Assessment Decision Support System for General Practitioners: Design and Development Study.
32516262 2020. Clinical Decision Support Tools and the COVID-19 Pandemic.
32583345 2020. Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients.
32603535 2020. Simple nomogram based on initial laboratory data for predicting the probability of ICU transfer of COVID-19 patients: Multicenter retrospective study.